非谓语动词也就是非限定动词,它包括动词不定式、动名词和分词,在句中它不能单独充当谓语,无人称和数的变化形式
动词不定式,由to+动词原形构成。
1、 带to的动词不定式或短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语,这些动词主要有ask, decide, learn, wish, want, tell, expect, fail, happen, help, hope, wish, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, want, would like等。
带to 的动词不定式(短语)的否定形式是在to的前面加not。而有些动词不定式(短语)在句中可作状语、表语、定语等。
例如:
Our teachers usually tell us to pay more attention to traffic safety. (老师常告诫我们要注意交通安全。)
The poor mother decided not to keep her daughter away from school. (这个贫穷的妈妈决定不让她女儿辍学。)
The little girl learned to play the violin when she was 4 years old. (那个小姑娘4岁时就学会拉小提琴了。)
所说的感官动词和使役动词构成的动词不定式。在复合宾语中要省去不定式to,但其用法只限于主动语态,在被动语态中to则不省,即:“一感feel,二听hear,listen to,三让let,have,make,四看see,watch,notice,observe,半帮助help”。
例如:
The boy saw the traffic accident happen when he was walking past the corner of the road. (这孩子路过公路拐角处时看到交通事故发生了。)
The patient felt his heart beat faster and faster. (那个病人感觉他的心脏跳得越来越快。)